Interior decoration or décor is the art of decorating a
room so that it is attractive, easy to use, and functions well with the existing
architecture. The goal of interior decoration is to provide a certain "feel" for
the room; it encompasses applying wallpaper, painting walls and other surfaces,
choosing furniture and fittings, such as light fixtures, and providing other
decorations for the area such as paintings, sculptures and carpets.
Interior decorating is done professionally by interior decorators. It is
considered a design field.
History
The role of interior decorator probably came into existence in the 1720s in
Western Europe, though it was filled by men of diverse backgrounds. Although
William Kent trained as a history painter, he is often cited as the first
individual to take charge of an entire interior, including internal
architecture, furniture selection, and the hanging of paintings.
In London, this role was frequently filled by the upholsterer (sometimes called
the upholder), while in Paris the marchand-mercier (a "merchant of goods" who
acted as general contractor) often filled this role. Architects both in Britain
and on the continent also often served as interior decorators. Robert Adam, the
neoclassical architect, is perhaps the most well-know late-century example of an
architect who took on entire interiors, down to the doorknobs and fire-irons.
Other 18th-century men who filled the role of interior decorator include: Sir
William Chambers, James Wyatt, Dominique Daguerre (marchand-mercier who
emigrated to England),
In the 1830s, interior decorators were responsible for the revival of interest
in Gothic and Rococo styles in England. By the later 19th century, some firms
set themselves apart as "art furnishers".
Modern interior decorators began with Lenygon and Morant in London, Charles
Alavoine and Jeanselme in Paris, and Herter Brothers (from 1864) and Elsie De
Wolfe and Ogden Codman in New York.
Other early interior decorators:
Syrie Maugham
Sybil Colefax
Dorothy Draper
Pierre François Léonard Fontaine
Although most professional interior designers of today attend accredited
interior design schools and pass nationally, recognized competency examinations,
many of the most famous designers and decorators during the 20th Century had no
formal training: Sister Parish, Mark Hampton, Robert Denning & Vincent Fourcade,
Stephen Chase, Mario Buatta, John Saladino, and many others were trend-setting
innovators in the worlds of design and decoration.
Room theme
A theme is a consistent idea used throughout a room to create a feeling of
completeness. These themes often follow period styles. Examples of this are
Louis XV or Art Deco. The evolution of interior decoration themes has now grown
to include themes not necessarily consistent with a specific period style
allowing the mixing of pieces from different periods. Each element should
contribute to form or function or both and maintain a consistent standard of
quality and combine to create the desired design.
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